Pauka Urolithin

He aha ka Urolithin A?

ʻO Urolithin A kahi hui metabolite e hopena ana mai ka hoʻololi ʻana o ellagitannins e nā ʻōpū pūpū. Pili ia i ka papa o nā mea hoʻohui i ʻike ʻia ʻo benzo-coumarins a i ʻole dibenzo-α-pyrones. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Urolithin A e hoʻoulu i ka mitophagy a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino olakino i nā holoholona kahiko a me nā hiʻohiʻona preclinical o ka ʻelemakule. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia e hele i ka pale o ka lolo, a loaʻa paha nā hopena neuroprotective e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer.

ʻO Urolithin ʻO kahi pauma kahi huahana kūlohelohe me ka antiproliferative a me ka hana antioxidant. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Urolithin A e ka metabolism mai nā polyphenols i loaʻa i kekahi mau nati a me nā huaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pomegranates. ʻO nā mea i hele mua - nā waika ellagic a me nā ellagitannins - aia a puni ke ʻano, e like me nā mea kanu ʻai, e like me nā pomegranates, strawberry, raspberries, walnuts, ti a me nā hua waina muscat, a me nā hua pālaha he nui.

Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua mālama ʻia ka urolithin A i nā loiloi mua e pili ana i nā hopena biological hiki ke loaʻa.

Pehea e hana ai ʻo Urolithin A?

ʻO Urolithin A he urolithin, kahi metabolite kanaka microbial o nā derivatives acid ellagic dietary (e like me ka ellagic acid). I loko o ke kinetona ʻōpū o nā koʻohune, ellagitannin a me el acid acid i alakai i ka hoʻokumu Active urolithins A, B, C a me D. I waena o lākou, urolithin A (UA) ʻo ia ka metabolite ʻōpū ikaika a me ka maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano anti anti -hana hoʻomāinoino a me ka antioxidant.

I loko o nā noiʻi hale hōʻikeʻike, ua hōʻike ʻia ka urolithin A induces mitochondria, ʻo ia ka hoʻōla koho o mitochondria ma o ka autophagy. ʻO Autophagy kahi hana e hemo ai i ka mitochondria hemahema ma hope o ka hōʻeha a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi, a maikaʻi i ka wā ʻelemakule. lalo a me lalo. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia hopena i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole (nā hunaola mammalian, rodents a me Caenorhabditis elegans).

Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea ʻokoʻa ke kumu o ka ellagitannin, ʻokoʻa ka hui ʻana o kēlā me kēia hui bacteria, no laila, ʻokoʻa loa ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohuli ʻana iā urolithin A i loko o nā kānaka, a ʻaʻohe paha hoʻohuli kekahi.

Urolithin He pōmaikaʻi

ʻO Urolithin A (UA) kahi papaʻai kūlohelohe, kahi metabolite i lawe ʻia mai ke kaiāulu microbial. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano pono olakino like ʻole, e like me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hōʻailona ʻōpala, nā hopena anti-cancer a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili lipid.

Ma ke ʻano he metabolite ʻōpū ʻoi loa a me ka maikaʻi, urolithin A (UA) hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he anti-inflammatory a me antioxidant maikaʻi. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka phagocytosis mitochondrial i nā holoholona kahiko a me nā hiʻohiʻona preclinical o ka ʻelemakule a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino olakino.

Hiki i ka Urolithin A ke hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻohui?

I ka 2018, ka US Food and Drug Administration i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka urolithin A ma ke ʻano he palekana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui meaʻai, me nā helu mai 250 milligrams a 1 gram i kēlā me kēia lawelawe.

Aia kekahi hopena o Urolithin A?

Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina palekana i nā mākua makua e ʻae maikaʻi ʻia ka urolithin A. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia i loko o nā noiʻi vivo inā aia kekahi ʻona a i ʻole nā ​​hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka dietary urolitin Aʻai.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka palekana wā lōʻihi no ka hoʻopili ʻana o Urolithin A a me ka pomegranate ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka mālama pōkole me ka pomegranate extract kahi palekana.

He aha ka Urolithin B? ʻO ka pauka Urolithin B?

ʻO ka pauma Urolithin B (CAS NO: 1139-83-9) kahi urolithin, kahi ʻano o nā pūhui phenolic i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū kanaka ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka ellagitannins i loaʻa nā meaʻai e like me ka pomegranate, strawberry, raspberry ʻulaʻula, walnuts a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula ʻelemakule oak . ʻIke ʻia ʻo Urolithin B i ka mimi ma ke ʻano o ka urolithin B glucuronide.

Hoʻemi ʻo Urolithin B i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa protein a hoʻonāuki i ka hypertrophy muscle. Hoʻopau ka Urolithin B i ka hana o aromatase, kahi enzyme e hoʻopili i ka estrogen a me ka testosterone.

ʻO Urolithin B kahi huahana kūlohelohe me ka antiproliferative a me ka hana antioxidant. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Urolithin B e hele i ka pale o ka lolo, a loaʻa paha nā hopena neuroprotective e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer.

ʻO Urolithin B kahi pākīpī microbial metabolite o ellagitannis a hōʻike i nā hana anti-oxidant a me nā mea hoʻoikaika pro-oxidant i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana assay a me nā kūlana. Hiki pū i ka Urolithin B ke hōʻike i ka estrogen a me / a i ʻole ka hana anti-estrogen.

He aha ka Urolithin B e hoʻohana ai? Nā pōmaikaʻi ʻo Urolithin B (UB)

Nā kōkua o Urolithin B:

Hoʻoulu i ka synthesive protein muscle

Hoemi i ka Muscle Protein Breakdown

Loaʻa paha i nā hopena pale muscle

Loaʻa paha iā Anti-Aromatase Properties

ʻO Urolithin B no ka nui o nā mākala

Hiki i ka Urolithin B ke hoʻemi i ka pōʻino o ka ʻeha i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a pale aku i ka ʻoihana ma ke ʻano o ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻihoʻi ʻia e ka ʻai momona kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka noiʻi haukaʻi e pili ana iā Urolithin B i nā kiʻi ʻike i hoʻonui ʻia i ka ulu myotubes a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka synt synthesis. Ua hōʻike i kahi hiki ke pale aku i ka alaloa ubiquitin-proteasome (UPP), ka hana nui no ka catabolism protein. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia hoʻi ia i ka hypertrophy muscle a hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ia i ka testosterone, Urolithin B i ka wā i lawe ai ma 15 uM i hoʻonui i ka hana receptor androgen e 90% aʻo testosterone wale nō e hiki ai ke hoʻokō nui aku i kahi hana receptor ulu o 50% ma 100uM. ʻO kēia ke kumu e hoʻemi nui ai iā Urolithin B e hoʻonui hou i ka hana androgen a laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka testosteronewhich e hoʻonui i ka hana androgen.

Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o 15uM o Urolithin B ka nui o ka pūnao hāmeʻa hāpili ākea ma o 96% i ka manawa e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka 100uM o ka insulin, ka mea nui o ka protein protein uaua ma o ka hopena loa o ka 61%. ʻO ka manaʻoʻiʻo e lawe lōʻihi loa ia ma kahi o Urolithin B e hoʻolōʻihi i ka synthesis protein muscle me ka nui o ka pae o ka maikaʻi.

Hōʻike kēia mau haʻawina hiki iā Urolithin B hiki ke kāohi i ka catabolism protein i ka manawa like i hoʻonui pū i ka synt synthesis, he ʻano hana like maoli ia e kōkua ai i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻiʻo a ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka hōʻeha kino.

ʻO Urolithin B kekahi o nā metabolites microbial ʻōpū o nā ellagitannins, a he hopena anti-inflammatory a me nā antioxidant. Ua pāpā ʻo Urolithin B i ka hana NF-κB ma o ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka phosphorylation a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o IκBα, a kaomi i ka phosphorylation o JNK, ERK, a me Akt, a hoʻonui i ka phosphorylation o AMPK. ʻO Urolithin B ka mea hoʻoponopono i ka nui o nā mākala iwi.

He aha ka Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether?

ʻO Urolithins ka metabolites kūloko o ka ellagic acid i loaʻa mai i ellagitannins. I nā kāne ellagitannins e hoʻohuli ʻia e ka microflora gut i loko o ka ellagic acid e hoʻololi hou ʻia i urolithins A, urolithin B, urolithin C a me urolithin D i loko o nā ʻāpana nui.

ʻO Urolithin ʻO 8-Methyl Ether ka huahana waena i ka wā o ka synthesis o Urolithin A. He koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi metabolite o ellagitannin a loaʻa nā antiioxidant a me nā mea anti-inflammatory.

Pehea e hana ai ʻo Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether?

(1) Nā waiwai Antioxidant

ʻO Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether kahi hopena antioxidant ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā radical free, keu hoʻi e hoʻēmi ana i ka pae o nā oxygen oxygen (ROS) i loko o nā hunaola, a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka lipid peroxidation i kekahi ʻano cell.

(2) Nā anti-inflammatory waiwai

ʻO Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether he anti-inflammatory waiwai e ka pāpā ʻana i ka hana o nitric oxide. Ua kāohi pono lākou i ka ʻōlelo o inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein a me mRNA i kumu i ka hoʻowahāwahā.

ʻO Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether keu pono

ʻO Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether kahi huahana waena i ke kaʻina hana o Urolithin A, a me kahi metabolite lua o ellagitannin, me nā antioxidant a me nā anti-inflammatory. Ma ke ʻano he metabolite o Urolithin A, loaʻa paha iā ia kekahi mau pono o Urolithin A:

(1) Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i kou ola;
(2) Kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate;
(3) Hoʻonui i ka ʻike;
(4) Loaʻa no ka pohō kaumaha

Nā hoʻohana o Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether nā mea hoʻohui?

ʻIke koke ʻia ʻo Urolithin A supplement i ka makeke e like me nā mea kōkua waiwai waiwai ellagitannin. Ma ke ʻano he metabolic huahana o Urolithin A, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether i nā mea hoʻohui.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe nui o ka ʻikepili e pili ana i kāna ʻike pili, a pono hou i ka noiʻi.

Reference:

1. Garcia-Muñoz, Cristina; Vaillant, Fabrice (2014-12-02). "Metabolic Fate of Ellagitannins: Nā hopena no ke olakino, a me nā ʻike noiʻi no nā meaʻai pono hana hou". Nā loiloi koʻikoʻi i ka ʻepekema meaʻai a me ka meaʻai kūpono. 54 (12): 1584–1598. hana: 10.1080 / 10408398.2011.644643. ISSN 1040-8398. PMID 24580560. S2CID 5387712.
2. Ryu, D. et al. Hoʻokomo ʻo Urolithin A i ka mitophagy a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola i C. elegans a hoʻonui i ka hana muscle i nā rodents. ʻO Nat. Med. 22, 879-888 (2016).
3. "Hoʻomaopopo ʻo FDA GRAS GRN Helu 791: urolithin A". ʻO US Food and Drug Administration. 20 Kekemapa 2018. Ua kiʻi ʻia 25 ʻAukake 2020.
4. Singh, A. Andreux, P. Blanco-Bose, W .; Ryu, D.; Aebischer, P. Auwerx, J. Rinsch, C. (2017-07-01). "Palekana ʻo oral urolithin A i ka palekana a hoʻololi i nā biomarkers muscle a mitochondrial i ka ʻelemakule". ʻO ka hana hou i ka wā ʻelemakule. 1 (suppl_1): 1223–1224.
5. Heilman, Jacqueline; Andreux, Pénélope; Tran, Nga; Rinsch, Chris; Blanco-Bose, William (2017). "Ka loiloi palekana o ka urolithin A, kahi metabolite i hana ʻia e ka microbiota ʻōpū o ke kanaka ma ka lawe ʻana i ka papaʻai o ellagitannins a me ellagic acid". Mea Toxicology Mea ʻai. 108 (Pt A): 289–297. hana: 10.1016 / j.fct.2017.07.050. PMID 28757461.